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Figure 9. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by murine Peyer’s patches macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, Peyer’s patches macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by <t>ELISA.</t> Peyer’s patches of macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.
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Figure 9. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by murine Peyer’s patches macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, Peyer’s patches macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by <t>ELISA.</t> Peyer’s patches of macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.
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Figure 5. Functional differences in cellular processes between Tyzzerella nexilis clusters (A) Differences of gene contents in a functional category; cellular processes between T. nexilis clusters A and B based on KEGG pathways. (B) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with TLR5 reporter HEK cells. (C) SEM images of cultured strains. A flagella-like structure is indicated by an arrow. (D) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with CD11bhighCD11chigh intestinal dendritic cells. (E) SEM images on the surface of the colon in the T. nexilis strain A1 or B1 mono-colonized mice. (F) Gene expression profile of colonic epithelial cells (ECs) in the strain A1 and B1 mono-colonized mice (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene Ontology (GO) terms significantly enriched in upregulated gene sets in the colonic ECs derived from the strain B1 mono- colonized mice compared with those from the strain A1 mono-colonized mice are shown. (G) Gene expression of SAA1 on the colonic ECs was assessed by qPCR. (H and I) The assay for Th17 cell differentiation. The concentrations of IL-17 (H) and GM-CSF (I) were assessed using <t>ELISA.</t> Data are presented as mean ± S.D. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B, D, and G) and two-sided unpaired t test (H and I). See also Figure S5.
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Figure 5. Functional differences in cellular processes between Tyzzerella nexilis clusters (A) Differences of gene contents in a functional category; cellular processes between T. nexilis clusters A and B based on KEGG pathways. (B) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with TLR5 reporter HEK cells. (C) SEM images of cultured strains. A flagella-like structure is indicated by an arrow. (D) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with CD11bhighCD11chigh intestinal dendritic cells. (E) SEM images on the surface of the colon in the T. nexilis strain A1 or B1 mono-colonized mice. (F) Gene expression profile of colonic epithelial cells (ECs) in the strain A1 and B1 mono-colonized mice (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene Ontology (GO) terms significantly enriched in upregulated gene sets in the colonic ECs derived from the strain B1 mono- colonized mice compared with those from the strain A1 mono-colonized mice are shown. (G) Gene expression of SAA1 on the colonic ECs was assessed by qPCR. (H and I) The assay for Th17 cell differentiation. The concentrations of IL-17 (H) and GM-CSF (I) were assessed using <t>ELISA.</t> Data are presented as mean ± S.D. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B, D, and G) and two-sided unpaired t test (H and I). See also Figure S5.
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Figure 5. Functional differences in cellular processes between Tyzzerella nexilis clusters (A) Differences of gene contents in a functional category; cellular processes between T. nexilis clusters A and B based on KEGG pathways. (B) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with TLR5 reporter HEK cells. (C) SEM images of cultured strains. A flagella-like structure is indicated by an arrow. (D) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with CD11bhighCD11chigh intestinal dendritic cells. (E) SEM images on the surface of the colon in the T. nexilis strain A1 or B1 mono-colonized mice. (F) Gene expression profile of colonic epithelial cells (ECs) in the strain A1 and B1 mono-colonized mice (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene Ontology (GO) terms significantly enriched in upregulated gene sets in the colonic ECs derived from the strain B1 mono- colonized mice compared with those from the strain A1 mono-colonized mice are shown. (G) Gene expression of SAA1 on the colonic ECs was assessed by qPCR. (H and I) The assay for Th17 cell differentiation. The concentrations of IL-17 (H) and GM-CSF (I) were assessed using <t>ELISA.</t> Data are presented as mean ± S.D. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B, D, and G) and two-sided unpaired t test (H and I). See also Figure S5.
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Figure 9. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by murine Peyer’s patches macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, Peyer’s patches macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peyer’s patches of macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Modulation of Macrophages TLR4-Mediated Transcriptional Response by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26062688

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 9. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by murine Peyer’s patches macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, Peyer’s patches macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peyer’s patches of macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: 2025, 26, 2688 22 of 26 BMS614) and IL-12 (Mouse IL-12 p70 ELISA Kit, BMS6004) from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), and CCL-2 (Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), CCL-8 (Mouse CCL8/MCP-2 DuoSet ELISA, DY790), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CSF2 (Mouse GM-CSF DuoSet ELISA, DY415), and CSF3 (Mouse G-CSF ELISA Kit Quantikine, MCS00) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure 10. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines by murine Peyer’s patches macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, Peyer’s patches macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peyer’s patches macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Modulation of Macrophages TLR4-Mediated Transcriptional Response by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26062688

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 10. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines by murine Peyer’s patches macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, Peyer’s patches macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peyer’s patches macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: 2025, 26, 2688 22 of 26 BMS614) and IL-12 (Mouse IL-12 p70 ELISA Kit, BMS6004) from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), and CCL-2 (Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), CCL-8 (Mouse CCL8/MCP-2 DuoSet ELISA, DY790), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CSF2 (Mouse GM-CSF DuoSet ELISA, DY415), and CSF3 (Mouse G-CSF ELISA Kit Quantikine, MCS00) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure 11. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysac- charide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticas- eibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, peritoneal macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Modulation of Macrophages TLR4-Mediated Transcriptional Response by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26062688

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 11. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysac- charide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticas- eibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, peritoneal macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: 2025, 26, 2688 22 of 26 BMS614) and IL-12 (Mouse IL-12 p70 ELISA Kit, BMS6004) from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), and CCL-2 (Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), CCL-8 (Mouse CCL8/MCP-2 DuoSet ELISA, DY790), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CSF2 (Mouse GM-CSF DuoSet ELISA, DY415), and CSF3 (Mouse G-CSF ELISA Kit Quantikine, MCS00) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure 12. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines by murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysac- charide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticas- eibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, peritoneal macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Modulation of Macrophages TLR4-Mediated Transcriptional Response by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506.

doi: 10.3390/ijms26062688

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 12. Effect of lactobacilli strains on the production of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines by murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysac- charide (LPS). Immunocompetent adult BALB/c mice (6 weeks) were orally treated with Lacticas- eibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL1506 strains for five days. On day 6, peritoneal macrophages were isolated, cultured for 24 h, and then challenged with LPS. The levels of cytokines were determined after 24 h of culture (basal) or 24 h after LPS challenge by ELISA. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from non-lactobacilli-treated mice were used as controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the indicated groups and basal or LPS-challenged controls, (*) p < 0.05; (**) p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: 2025, 26, 2688 22 of 26 BMS614) and IL-12 (Mouse IL-12 p70 ELISA Kit, BMS6004) from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), and CCL-2 (Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), CCL-8 (Mouse CCL8/MCP-2 DuoSet ELISA, DY790), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CSF2 (Mouse GM-CSF DuoSet ELISA, DY415), and CSF3 (Mouse G-CSF ELISA Kit Quantikine, MCS00) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure 5. Functional differences in cellular processes between Tyzzerella nexilis clusters (A) Differences of gene contents in a functional category; cellular processes between T. nexilis clusters A and B based on KEGG pathways. (B) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with TLR5 reporter HEK cells. (C) SEM images of cultured strains. A flagella-like structure is indicated by an arrow. (D) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with CD11bhighCD11chigh intestinal dendritic cells. (E) SEM images on the surface of the colon in the T. nexilis strain A1 or B1 mono-colonized mice. (F) Gene expression profile of colonic epithelial cells (ECs) in the strain A1 and B1 mono-colonized mice (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene Ontology (GO) terms significantly enriched in upregulated gene sets in the colonic ECs derived from the strain B1 mono- colonized mice compared with those from the strain A1 mono-colonized mice are shown. (G) Gene expression of SAA1 on the colonic ECs was assessed by qPCR. (H and I) The assay for Th17 cell differentiation. The concentrations of IL-17 (H) and GM-CSF (I) were assessed using ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B, D, and G) and two-sided unpaired t test (H and I). See also Figure S5.

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Tyzzerella nexilis strains enriched in mobile genetic elements are involved in progressive multiple sclerosis.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114785

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Functional differences in cellular processes between Tyzzerella nexilis clusters (A) Differences of gene contents in a functional category; cellular processes between T. nexilis clusters A and B based on KEGG pathways. (B) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with TLR5 reporter HEK cells. (C) SEM images of cultured strains. A flagella-like structure is indicated by an arrow. (D) Coculture of heat-inactivated strains with CD11bhighCD11chigh intestinal dendritic cells. (E) SEM images on the surface of the colon in the T. nexilis strain A1 or B1 mono-colonized mice. (F) Gene expression profile of colonic epithelial cells (ECs) in the strain A1 and B1 mono-colonized mice (n = 4 each). Differential gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Gene Ontology (GO) terms significantly enriched in upregulated gene sets in the colonic ECs derived from the strain B1 mono- colonized mice compared with those from the strain A1 mono-colonized mice are shown. (G) Gene expression of SAA1 on the colonic ECs was assessed by qPCR. (H and I) The assay for Th17 cell differentiation. The concentrations of IL-17 (H) and GM-CSF (I) were assessed using ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B, D, and G) and two-sided unpaired t test (H and I). See also Figure S5.

Article Snippet: Inc. Cat#R400674 Accel-NGS 1S Plus DNA Library Kit Swift Bioscience Cat#DL-IL1SP-12/48 Kapa Library Quantification Kit Illumina, Inc. Cat#KK4824/D Critical commercial assays CD4+ T cells isolation kit Miltenyi Biotec Cat#130-104-454 Mouse GM-CSF ELISA Set BD Biosciences Cat#555167 Mouse IL-17 DuoSet ELISA R&D Systems Cat#DY421-05 Mouse IL-6 ELISA Set BD Biosciences Cat#555240 Deposited data Short-read metagenomic data This paper DRA017647 Genomes of seven Tyzzerella nexilis strains This paper DRR524096-DRR524098 and DRR520503-DRR520505 Short-read metagenomic data from the iMSMS cohort iMSMS, 20225 ERP115476 Short-read metagenomic data from patients with IBD Lloyd-Price et al., 201919 https://ibdmdb.org Short-read metagenomic data from patients with RA Zhang et al., 201520 PRJEB6997 Short-read metagenomic data from patients with CRC Thomas et al., 201921 PRJEB10878 Short-read metagenomic data from patients with PD Wallen et al., 202222 PRJNA834801 R.gnavus_strain AF33-12 (GCA_003475365.1) Zou et al., 201927 PRJNA482748 fliC genes Hiseni et al., 202181 HumGut database (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports --, 114785, --, 2024 OPEN ACCESS

Techniques: Functional Assay, Cell Culture, Gene Expression, RNA Sequencing, Derivative Assay, Cell Differentiation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay